Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to investigate global changes in protein profiles within omental adipose (OAT), placental (PT), and smooth muscle tissues (SMT), with the aim of identifying potential triggering or affecting biomarkers in gestational (GDM) and type 1 diabetes (T1DM) by comparing them with the control group.
Methods
Three distinct tissue sources representing the two disease groups and the control group were collected and subjected to comparative proteomic analysis. This comprehensive approach was employed to elucidate the differentially regulated proteins among the groups. Western blot analysis was used to validate the observed changes at the protein level.
Results
A total of 23 proteins exhibited common alterations, and 18 proteins displayed inverse changes in OAT, PT, and SMT among pregnant women with either GDM or T1DM compared to the control group. Among these 18 differentially expressed proteins, carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) and alpha-enolase (ENOA) differed from the others in that they were upregulated in GDM and downregulated in T1DM in the studied tissues compared with controls. Proteomic analyses highlighted alterations in the expression of CA1 protein, a shared feature across all groups.
Conclusion
Our study marks an inaugural attempt to distinguish proteomic profile changes across diverse tissues in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and T1DM when compared to healthy controls. The findings of this study could potentially elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of GDM, as well as the repercussions of impaired glucose metabolism resulting from both short- and long-term hyperglycemia during pregnancy.