Hollow Fiber-Protected Liquid-Phase Microextraction combined with GC-MS for determination of Endrin, Chlordane and Dieldrin in rice sample

Abstract

Abstract A novel and minimized sample preparation technique based on hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase micro-extraction has been developed for the extraction of three organochlorine pesticides, including Endrin, Chlordane, and Dieldrin from rice samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and a proper ionic liquid (IL) were ultrasonically dispersed and injected in the lumen of hollow fiber as the extraction phase for preconcentrating and extracting the target analytes from the rice samples. Effects of type of nanoparticles, ILs, and desorption solvent in the extraction efficiencies of the analytes were investigated by one factor at a time approach. In addition, other parameters influencing the extraction procedure were optimized using an experimental design method to decrease the number of experiments, reagent consumption, and cost. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection and quantification for determining three organochlorine pesticides were varied between 0.019–0.029 and 0.064–0.098 ng.mL− 1, respectively. The calibration graphs were linear over the concentration range of 0.064–13.2, 0.098–16.7, and 0.092–11.4 ng.mL− 1 for measuring Endrin, Chlordane, and Dieldrin in the rice samples, respectively. The relative standard deviations for inter-day and intra-day analysis were lower than 7.06 and 4.75% for the triplicate determination of three organochlorine pesticides. Besides, the relative recoveries and standard deviations of Endrin, Chlordane, and Dieldrin for analyzing several Iranian rice samples were between 86.0-92.9% and 4.5–5.8%, respectively. The results were compared with other similar works in literature, proving that the proposed method is reliable and valuable for routine monitoring of the organochlorine compounds in food samples.