Eco-friendly control of disease-transmit mosquito vectors using the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis and low dosages of Mukia maderaspatana extracts

Abstract

Abstract In many countries, mosquitoes pose a serious threat to public health, and managing mosquito populations is one of the most difficult aspects of mosquito control programmes. There is a need for decision biological active molecules to control mosquito in order to prevent dengue virus transmission. In the present investigation, ethanol and methanol using mosquitocidal compounds isolated against disease-transmitting mosquitoes. The highest preliminary larvicidal effective was found in the methanol leaf extract of Mukia maderaspatana (MLE-M. maderaspatana), followed by Trigonella foenum, Phyllanthus niruri, Senna auriculata, Justicia adhatoda, Andrographis paniculata, Hybanthus enneaspermus, Cardiospermum corundum and Azadirachta indica. The MLE and ELE-M. maderaspatana had the highest mortality rates at 48 hours, with LC50 values of 4.46 ppm and 60.55 ppm against An. stephensi, respectively. The phytochemical studies by quantitative and qualitative methods were MLE and ELE-M. maderaspatana, showed presence of saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavaonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, cardiac glycosides, coumorins, and steroid. The functional groups where FT-IR analysis was found included secondary profiling, which is obviously a phytochemical and may function as a geranylgeraniol molecule. It is evident from the Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum that MLE-M. maderaspatana was the source of the geranylgeraniol compound. MLE-M. maderaspatana exhibited a more potent antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS+, H2O2 tests than ascorbic acid. The primary component of the 26 MCCs found in the MLE-M. maderaspatana was geranylgeraniol. The results so show that MLE-M. maderaspatana, a component from a medicinal plant, may be a more effective mosquito control agent than readily available insecticides.