Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) stands as an inorganic compound, recognized as a non-toxic, bioactive ceramic, and its composition closely resembles that of bone material. In this study, nHAp was prepared from waste oyster shells, which are biowaste rich in calcium carbonate. nHAp with its unique catalytic property can be used as an adsorbent in various fields, including wastewater treatment. nHAp with an exceptional surface adsorbent with excellent chemical stability, enabling its catalytic function. Nano hydroxyapatite doped with Zinc oxide (ZnO) and made into a composite with Graphene oxide (GO) by modified hummers method followed by grinding, which has taken a 9:1 ratio of weight, which enhances tensile and mechanical strength. The as-synthesized nanocomposites are characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM with EDS, and XPS techniques, whereas the UV-visible study shows the complete dye degradation efficiency of the prepared composites. In this work, the prepared nanocomposites nHAp/ZnO/GO were used for the adsorptive removal of MB dye in a batch process by varying the dosage from 0.1 to 0.5g and pH variation from 2–12 at different time intervals under a UV lamp. Adsorption of 99% removal of MB dye was observed, and pH = 12 is the most favorable. The as-prepared nanocomposite nHAp/ZnO/GO fits the kinetic rate constant equation and shows a pseudo-first-order reaction, and this study indicates the suitability and synergistic effect of the synthesized nanocomposite, which has a potential, socially active, low-cost-effective, eco-friendly and safe photocatalytic degradation of MB from wastewater.