Effects of virtual reality interventions on weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Obesity, a significant public health challenge linked to diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular issues, often resists traditional weight loss methods due to adherence and effectiveness problems. Virtual reality (VR) offers innovative potential by providing controlled environments for practicing healthy behaviors, receiving real-time feedback, and improving self-regulation. This study aims to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of VR interventions on weight loss. Method We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception. Both researchers selected articles and extracted data systematically using a designated form. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) assessed the risk of bias, while publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots and Egger's and Begg's tests. We calculated standardized mean differences (Hedges's g) between treatment and control groups and estimated heterogeneity using the Q test and I² statistic. The analysis was performed with Stata 17.0. Results Among the 7,364 articles retrieved, 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the analysis. VR interventions were found to potentially induce weight loss in individuals (Hedges's g = 0.15, 95% CI: -0.28, 0.59; p-value < 0.001). The sample size emerged as a notable moderator of heterogeneity between studies (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrates that VR interventions hold promise in inducing weight loss. These findings underscore VR's potential as a valuable tool in combating obesity, prompting further exploration and optimization of its role in weight management strategies.