Dissipation, residues and evaluation of processing factor for spirotetramat and its formed metabolites during kiwifruit growing, storage and processing

Abstract

Abstract Spirotetramat is widely used around the world to control sucking pests and may form in agricultural products. In the current study, the dissipation, residues and evaluation of processing factor (PF) for spirotetramat and its formed metabolites were investigated during kiwifruit growing, storage and processing. The residue analysis method was established based on high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with a QuEChERS method to detect the residues of spirotetramat and its metabolites in kiwifruit and its processed products. The method provided recoveries of 74.7 − 108.7%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.6–13.1%. The residues dissipated following the first-order kinetics with a half-life of 9.90–10.34 days in the field and 24.75–30.13 days during storage. Residues of spirotetramat and its formed metabolites in kiwifruit would not pose dietary risk to consumers. Moreover, the peeling and fermentation was the highest removal efficiency for the spirotetramat and its formed metabolites residues during prosessing. The PF values calculated after each individual process were < 1, indicating significant reduction of residues in different processing processes of kiwifruit. The spirotetramat was degraded during kiwifruit wine-making process with half-lives of 3.36–4.91 days. B-enol and B-keto were the main metabolites detected in kiwifruit and its processed products. This study revealed the residues of spirotetramat and its formed metabolites in kiwifruit growing, storage and processing, which helps provide reasonable data for studying the dietary risk factors of kiwifruits and products.