Estimation of High-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) From Sar Data Over the Confluence Region

Abstract

Estimating a wide area high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) over the confluence region of Nigeria from sentinel-1synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is crucial. This study leveraged geospatial technology to gain critical insights into the region's hydrology, terrain information and characteristics. These components play a crucial role in estimating the surface roughness of terrains for flood control and mitigation efforts, enabling the identification of areas vulnerable to erosion, rapid runoff, potential floodplains and possible drainage basins. The implications of this research are significant because it provides precise data for flood modeling, early warning systems, urban planning, watershed management and different types of possibly agriculturally influenced activities that are viable in the Confluence region. The research captured elevation values ranging from 79.59 meters to 529.27 meters. These detailed digital elevation model data allowed for precise terrain analysis, facilitating the identification of flood-prone areas, elevation extremes, and drainage patterns. A contour map was also generated from the DEM data, featuring contour intervals of 100 meters, which provides a clear visualization of the region's topography. Furthermore, the study delved into the analysis of key hydrological components, including slope, aspect and flow direction. As floods become increasingly severe and exacerbated by climate variables, these findings provide a foundation for building resilient communities and sustainable flood mitigation measures. The results underscore the major role of geospatial technology in addressing hydrological challenges and emphasize the importance of data-driven decision-making for a more secure and sustainable future in the face of evolving climate patterns.