Occupational radiation protection for the medical staff during the fluoroscopic spinal procedure: Are we protected adequately?; A cadaveric simulation study

Abstract

Abstract Background Fluoroscopy is crucial in spine surgery, but exposes medical staff to scattered radiation, raising concerns about health risks. The effectiveness of using protective equipment to reduce occupational exposure remains uncertain. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate actual radiation exposure doses and shielding effectiveness during simulated spine surgery. Methods Using seven fresh cadavers and mannequins, radiation exposure was measured with and without protective equipment. The X-ray source was positioned under the table, over the table, and laterally. Radiation exposure doses were measured at different simulated areas such as the optic lens, thyroid gland, and hand of the medical staff. Results There were significant differences in the radiation exposure dose under different conditions and for different irradiated areas. The protective equipment significantly reduced radiation exposure. However, exposure remained relatively high, especially to the surgeon's lens and hand when the radiation source was positioned over and laterally. Exposure to scrub nurses and anesthesiologists was relatively low. Conclusions Shielding is critical, but the complete elimination of radiation exposure is challenging. Overall, protective equipment is effective in reducing occupational radiation exposure, but additional measures may be necessary, especially when the radiation source is positioned over the table and laterally. Our results provide a guide for medical staff to understand the risk of radiation exposure.