Clinicopathological Profile of Neurotuberculosis in Children

Abstract

Abstract Background Tuberculosis is common, especially in developing countries such as India. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Neurotuberculosis is the most severe and life threatening form of disease in children.Methods This was a prospective observational study, designed with the objective to study neurotuberculosis in paediatric age group. Detailed history, examination and outcome were collected in a predesigned proforma from patients under 14 years of age admitted with neurotuberculosis from October 2014 to October 2016. Data was analysed using Microsoft excel 2016.Results This study included 50 cases with male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The maximum incidence of neurotuberculosis was found in 6 months-3 years age group (58%). History of contact with known case was ascertained in 38% of cases, BCG scar was present in 62% of cases. The most common symptom was found to be fever (90% cases), followed by altered sensorium (70% cases), convulsion (64%). Mantoux test was found to be positive in 22% cases. Out of all cases 22% recovered completely, 30% cases died and 48% developed sequelae.Conclusion In children, clinical features remain inconclusive for diagnosing neurotuberculosis. Neurotuberculosis continues to be associated with high rate mortality in children of countries like India with high burden of TB.