Sclerostin antibody improves alveolar bone quality in the Hyp mouse model of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia (XLH)

Abstract

Abstract X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare disease of elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production that leads to hypophosphatemia and poor mineralization of bone and teeth. The clinical manifestations of XLH include a high prevalence of dental abscesses, likely driven by poorly formed structures of the dentoalveolar complex, including the alveolar bone, cementum, dentin, and periodontal ligament. Our previous studies have demonstrated that sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) treatment improves phosphate homeostasis, and increases bone mass, strength and mineralization in the Hyp mouse model of XLH. In the current study, we investigated whether Scl-Ab impacts the dentoalveolar structures of Hyp mice. Male and female wild-type and Hyp littermates were injected with 25 mg/kg of vehicle or Scl-Ab twice weekly beginning at 12 weeks of age and euthanized at 20 weeks of age. Scl-Ab increased alveolar bone mass in both male and female mice and alveolar tissue mineral density in the male mice. The positive effects of Scl-Ab were consistent with an increase in the fraction of active (non-phosphorylated) β-catenin stained alveolar osteocytes. Scl-Ab had no effect on mineralized tissues of the tooth - dentin, enamel, acellular and cellular cementum. There was a non-significant trend toward increased periodontal ligament (PDL) attachment fraction within the Hyp mice. Additional PDL fibral structural parameters were not affected by Scl-Ab. The current study demonstrates that Scl-Ab can improve alveolar bone in the Hyp mouse model of XLH.