Advances in the use of herbal drugs via the use of nanotechnology for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients with anti-inflammatory activity

Abstract

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, leading to nerve and blood vessel damage, organ failure, and impaired wound healing. Wound healing in diabetic patients is further complicated by reduced cytokine responses and delayed healing processes, which can lead to severe complications such as sepsis and gangrene if left untreated. In this study, we explored the potential of acemannan, an herbal extract from aloe gel incorporated into niosomes, for wound healing. Acemannan exhibits antihyperglycemic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties with discrete delivery mechanisms and minimal side effects. The aim of this study was to develop herbal-loaded niosomes for wound healing. Niosomes, self-assemblies of nonionic surfactants with or without cholesterol, offer versatile delivery systems for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. The formulation consisted of Span 60, cholesterol, chloroform, methanol, buffer, and spray-dried aloe vera powder, prepared using the Thin Hydration methodThe resulting herbal niosomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential. A batch with a 2:2 ratio of Span 60 and cholesterol exhibited favorable characteristics with a particle size of 144.1 nm and a zeta potential of -17.1 mV. In conclusion, the developed herbal-loaded niosome formulation shows promise for wound healing, offering a potentially safer and more effective alternative to traditional antibiotic treatments for diabetic wounds.