Sex Differences in Outcomes among Heart Failure Hospitalizations: Results from the National Inpatient Sample

Author:

Appunni Sandeep1,Zhang Yanjia2,Khosla Atulya A3,Rubens Muni4,Giri Abhishek R5,Saxena Anshul2,Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan2,Doke Mayur6,McGranaghan Peter7,Chaparro Sandra8,Jimenez Javier8

Affiliation:

1. Government Medical College

2. Baptist Health South Florida

3. William Beaumont University Hospital

4. Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida

5. Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital

6. University of Miami

7. Semmelweis University

8. Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University

Abstract

Abstract

This study investigated sex differences in clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of heart failure hospitalizations. This study is a retrospective analysis of National Inpatient Sample data, 2016–2019. Heart failure hospitalizations ≥41 years of age were included and stratified by sex. The outcomes of the study were in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay, mechanical ventilation, mechanical circulatory support, vasopressor use, and adverse dispositions. Propensity score matching with regression analysis was done to compare outcomes between sex. A total of 4,704,684 primary heart failure hospitalizations were included in the analysis. Of these, 2,447,784 (52.0%) were males and 2,256,899 (48.0%) were females. Regression analysis showed that females had significantly lower odds for mortality (aOR, 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89-0.94), mechanical ventilation (aOR, 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86-0.92), mechanical circulatory support (aOR, 0.54, 95% CI: 0.51-0.58), vasopressor use (aOR, 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66-0.74), and significantly higher odds for prolonged length of stay (aOR, 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04-1.06) and disposition other than home (aOR, 1.32, 95% CI: 1.31-1.34). There were significant differences in outcomes between males and females hospitalized for heart failure. Further research is required to delineate how sex affects several aspects of heart failure, including epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and response to medications.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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