Social Needs and Healthcare Utilization in NICU Graduates

Abstract

Objective: Unplanned healthcare utilization after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge poses challenges for families and healthcare systems. The impact of social needs on post-NICU healthcare utilization is underexplored. Our objective was to identify social needs among NICU graduates and examine associations between social needs and post-NICU healthcare utilization. Study Design: A prospective cohort design was used to screen for social needs and track healthcare utilization among 112 NICU graduates attending a NICU follow-up clinic (2021-2022). Associations between social needs and healthcare utilization were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests. Results: Of 112 patients screened, 20 (18%) had some social need. Infants with social needs experienced statistically significant higher rates of hospitalizations, overall encounters, and missed appointments. Conclusion: Social needs are associated with increased healthcare utilization. Addressing these needs during NICU follow-up may improve preventative care attendance and reduce unplanned healthcare use, leading to better health outcomes for vulnerable infants and lower costs for healthcare systems.