Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis for Identification of Crucial Genes and Signaling Transduction Pathways in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent global cancer, ranking sixth in incidence. Investigating the molecular basis of tumorigenesis and metastasis is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. Our study utilized three gene expression profile datasets (GSE6791, GSE29330, and GSE58911) to identify co-up or down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HNSCC tumor and normal tissue samples, associated primarily with processes like extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, proteolysis, ECM disassembly, and keratinization. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed eight hub genes, notably including the up-regulated SPP1 and down-regulated KRT78. Importantly, these hub genes demonstrated correlations with tumor grade, clinical individual cancer stage, and poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC. The comprehensive bioinformatics-driven investigation not only pinpointed co-DEGs but also illuminated associated pathways, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms steering disease progression. These findings have substantial clinical potential, offering avenues for early diagnosis and the development of innovative therapeutic targets for individuals grappling with HNSCC. The identified genes and pathways contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate molecular landscape of HNSCC, paving the way for more targeted and effective interventions in the clinical setting.