From Leaf to Soil: Exploring the Dynamics of Leaf Litter Production and Decomposition in a Sal Forest Ecosystems in Jharkhand, India

Abstract

Abstract Understanding the complex processes of leaf litter production and decomposition is essential for understanding the nutrient cycle and ecosystem functioning in various terrestrial settings. The dynamics of leaf litter in Sal (Shorea robusta) forest ecosystems are investigated in this work. With comprehensive field sampling, quantification of the changes in leaf litter and pinpointing the underlying causes of these variances. This year-long study delved into the dynamics of litter in the Sal Forest across seven distinct locations. Results aligned with prior findings, emphasizing the role of Sal tree phenology and local climate, particularly temperature, in litter production dynamics. Sample point 6, inside a dense forest, stood out with abundant vegetation and diverse species, exhibiting optimal litter decomposition, nutrient accumulation, and utilization due to favorable temperature and humidity with a decay constant of 0.5358. May, June, and July fostered the highest decomposition, with a total mass loss of ~ 84.68%. Principle composite correlation value of soil factors such as pH (0.812), water holding capacity (0.924), moisture content (0.944), soil organic carbon (0.772), soil carbon (0.893), soil nitrogen (0.857), soil phosphorous (0.847), and soil potassium (0.726) and humidity (0.836) suggests that these factors significantly influence decomposition. The research underscores the intricate nature of litter decomposition, shaped by Sal tree phenology, climate, vegetation cover, and soil properties, collectively driving the Sal Forest ecosystem's ecological processes. This study provides a thorough picture of the transit of leaf litter from the forest canopy to the forest floor to comprehend the intricate links between leaf litter production and soil health in Sal Forest ecosystems.