RT2T: A Global Collaborative Project to Study Chromosomal Evolution in the Suborder Ruminantia

Author:

Kalbfleisch Ted1ORCID,McKay Stephanie2ORCID,Murdoch Brenda3ORCID,Adelson David L.4ORCID,Almansa Diego5ORCID,Becker Gabrielle3ORCID,Beckett Linda M.6ORCID,Benítez-Galeano María José5ORCID,Biase Fernando7ORCID,Casey Theresa6ORCID,Chuong Edward8ORCID,Clark Emily9ORCID,Clarke Shannon10ORCID,Cockett Noelle11ORCID,Couldrey Christine12ORCID,Davis Brian W.13ORCID,Elsik Christine G.2ORCID,Faraut Thomas14ORCID,Gao Yahui15ORCID,Genet Carine14ORCID,Grady Patrick16ORCID,Green Jonathan2ORCID,Green Richard16ORCID,Guan Dailu17ORCID,Hagen Darren18ORCID,Hartley Gabrielle A.16ORCID,Heaton Mike19ORCID,Hoyt Savannah J.16ORCID,Huang Wen20ORCID,Jarvis Erich21ORCID,Kalleberg Jenna2ORCID,Khatib Hasan22ORCID,Koepfi Klaus-Peter23ORCID,Koltes James24ORCID,Koren Sergey25ORCID,Kuehn Christa26ORCID,Leeb Tosso27ORCID,Leonard Alexander28ORCID,Liu George E.15ORCID,Low Wai Yee29ORCID,McConnell Hunter2ORCID,McRae Kathryn10ORCID,Miga Karen30ORCID,Mousel Michelle31ORCID,Neibergs Holly32ORCID,O'Neill Rachel16ORCID,Olagunju Temitayo3ORCID,Pennell Matt33ORCID,Petry Bruna24ORCID,Pewsner Mirjam34ORCID,Phillippy Adam M.25ORCID,Pickett Brandon D.25ORCID,Pineda Paulene29ORCID,Potapova Tamara35ORCID,Rachagani Satyanarayana36ORCID,Rhie Arang25ORCID,Rijnkels Monique37ORCID,Robic Annie14ORCID,Osorio Nelida Rodriguez5ORCID,Safonova Yana38ORCID,Schettini Gustavo7ORCID,Schnabel Robert D.2ORCID,Natesh Nagabhishek Sirpu39ORCID,Stegemiller Morgan3ORCID,Storer Jessica40ORCID,Stothard Paul41ORCID,Stull Caleb2ORCID,Tosser-Klopp Gwenola14ORCID,Traglia Germán M.5ORCID,Tuggle Chris24ORCID,Tassell Curtis P. Van15ORCID,Watson Corey42ORCID,Weikard Rosemarie43ORCID,Wimmers Klaus43ORCID,Xie Shangqian3ORCID,Yang Liu15ORCID,Smith Tim19ORCID,Rosen Ben15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546

2. Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

3. Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA

4. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, SA, Australia

5. Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Salto, Universidad de la República, Uruguay

6. Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

7. School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

8. BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA

9. The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK.

10. Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Mosgiel, New Zealand

11. Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4815 USA

12. Livestock improvement corporation, Hamilton 3286, New Zealand

13. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

14. GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France

15. Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

16. Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269

17. Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA

18. Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA

19. USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA

20. Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

21. Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA 10065

22. Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA

23. Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, George Mason University, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA

24. Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA

25. Genome Informatics Section, Center for Genomics and Data Science Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA)

26. Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (German Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), 18357 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

27. Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland

28. Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland

29. The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia

30. UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, CA 95064

31. USDA, ARS, Animal Disease Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164, USA and School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA

32. Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA

33. Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089

34. Institute of Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland

35. Stowers Institute for Medical Research (Kansas City, MO, USA)

36. Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia

37. Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences , School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

38. Computer Science and Engineering Department, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA

39. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.

40. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT

41. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.

42. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

43. Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.

Abstract

Abstract The publication of the first complete, haploid telomere-to-telomere (T2T) human genome revealed new insights into the structure and function of the heretofore “invisible” parts of the genome including centromeres, tandem repeat arrays, and segmental duplications. Refinement of T2T processes now enables comparative analyses of complete genomes across entire clades to gain a broader understanding of the evolution of chromosome structure and function. The human T2T project involved a unique ad hoc effort involving many researchers and laboratories, serving as a model for collaborative open science. Subsequent generation and analysis of diploid, near T2T assemblies for multiple species represents a substantial increase in scale and would be daunting for any single laboratory. Efforts focused on the primate lineage continue to employ the successful open collaboration strategy and are revealing details of chromosomal evolution, species-specific gene content, and genomic adaptations, which may be general or lineage-specific features. The suborder Ruminantia has a rich history within the field of chromosome biology and includes a broad range of species at varying evolutionary distances with separation of tens of millions of years to subspecies that are still able to interbreed. We propose an open collaborative effort dubbed the “Ruminant T2T Consortium” (RT2T) to generate complete diploid assemblies for species in the Artiodactyla order, focusing on suborder Ruminantia. Here we present the initial near T2T assemblies of cattle, gaur, domestic goat, bighorn sheep, and domestic sheep, and describe the motivation, goals, and proposed comparative analyses to examine chromosomal evolution in the context of natural selection and domestication of species for use as livestock.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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