Association between IL-1 β polymorphism (rs16944) and Biomarkers levels in Iraqi patients with prostate cancer

Abstract

Abstract Objective: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-leading cause of mortality in men and the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous male malignancy. Host genetic factors, such as inflammation-induced cytokines, play a key role in prostate oncogenesis. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) in cytokine genes were suggested to increase the susceptibility for PCa development and progression. This study aimed to investigate the association between the SNP (rs16944) in the interleukin-1b (IL-1β) gene, and different parameters in patients with PCa and healthy controls in Iraq.Methods: Taqman Real Time-PCR, was performed to investigate the IL-1b (rs16944) polymorphism in 100 Iraqi males with PCa and 50 age-matched healthy controls in a case–control study. Serum levels of PSA, prolactine (PRL) and testosterone (T) were determined by ELISA and FIA, and associated with the IL-1b level in the serum as well as the SNP (rs 16944). Clinico-pathological parameters were also associated with the genotype distribution in PCa patients.Results: There was significant increase in the mean serum IL-1b level in PCa cases compared to controls (P =8.19 10-7). Serum levels for other biomarkers such as PSA, PRL were significantly elevated in cancer cases compared to controls (P<0.0001), however, serum T level was found to be lowered in PCa group (T＜3.85 ng/ml). The heterozygous GA genotype was more frequent in patients compared with controls (47 vs. 42%; OR =1.22), and the A allele was more frequent in the PCa group (OR= 1.35). Furthermore, significant increase in IL-1b, PSA, PRL, and T levels in PCa cases were observed only among patients carrying GA genotype. On the other hand, in patients, the GA and AA genotypes associated with aggressive behavior (advanced TNM and high Gleason score) of the disease and elevated IL-1b ,PSA ,PRL levels in the serum.Conclusion: Our data suggests that both serum IL-1b level and IL-1β (rs16944) may be considered as candidate biomarkers for PCa, and the GA, and AA genotypes carriers along with high levels of IL-1b, PSA and PRL, low T levels have an elevated risk and aggressive behavior for PCa in Iraqi men.