Beyond 'Eat Less and Move More': A Multidimensional Economic Analysis of the Obesity Problem"

Abstract

Abstract Background: Obesity is a complex global health issue with far-reaching consequences for individuals and societies. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of obesity by integrating economic models, the impact of globalization, and individual utility optimization. Methods: Drawing upon Grossman's theory of health as human capital, modified by Becker, we develop a two-period mathematical model that incorporates obesity as a determinant of health. Through our analysis, we uncover the intricate relationship between obesity, individual utility, and survivorship, shedding light on the complexity of obesity and the simultaneous impact of interconnected variables. Results: Our findings underscore the significant role of income, total utility, and survivorship in shaping the prevalence of obesity. Higher income levels increased overall well-being, and improved survival rates tend to contribute to a reduction in obesity over time. However, the link between food prices, particularly healthy and unhealthy options, and obesity is more nuanced than previously assumed, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of these dynamics. The discussion highlights the disproportionate burden of obesity on specific population segments and emphasizes the necessity of proactive interventions to address this issue. It underscores the importance of regulating food corporations, implementing policies that address socioeconomic factors, and empowering individuals to make healthier choices. We recognize the influence of personal behaviors, marketing strategies, and the fast-paced nature of modern life on obesity, and we advocate for a comprehensive approach that considers these multifaceted influences. Public policies play a vital role in combating obesity, and several strategies have proven effective. These include implementing food labeling regulations to enhance consumer awareness, levying taxes on unhealthy foods to discourage consumption, and promoting initiatives that address income inequality and provide equitable access to healthy food options. By considering the interplay between individual behavior, market dynamics, and government policies, we can develop more impactful and sustainable solutions to the obesity crisis. Our findings align with previous research, offering insights into the inconsistent results observed in earlier studies. The endogeneity captured by our model, which represents the simultaneous causality involving body mass index (BMI), provides a fresh perspective on addressing the obesity epidemic. However, further research is warranted to enhance our understanding of obesity by incorporating big data analysis and considering the influence of globalization on food systems. Prospective validation of the model across diverse populations and the integration of genetics and genomics will refine our understanding of this complex issue. Conclusion: this research underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to address obesity within the context of globalization. By considering the intricate dynamics of obesity and incorporating evidence-based interventions, policymakers, researchers, and healthcare professionals can develop effective strategies for promoting healthier lifestyles and mitigating the global obesity crisis. Such efforts are vital to reducing the burden of obesity and improving public health outcomes worldwide.