Sleep disturbances in restless legs syndrome

Abstract

Background/Aim. Resteless legs syndrome (RLS) is chronical neurological disorder characterized by urge to move legs that is usually accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the lower extremities. Sleep disturbance is one of the main accompanying symptoms of RLS which exists in approximatelly 90% of patients. Impairment of sleep is related to daily sleepiness, depressive and anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to detect frequency and characterisitics of sleep-related symptoms in patients with RLS, and its impairrment to daily sleepiness, fatique, anxiety and depression. Methods. We have examinated 94 patients with RLS. The diagnose of RLS was based on questionnaire with 4 specific questions according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria updated in 2003. Severity of symptoms was astimated with IRLSSG Rating Scale, depression and anxiety with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and sleepiness with Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS). We astimated sleep characteristics and disturbances with specific questionnaire. Results. In our study 79.9% of patients had sleep-related symptoms. Average sleep duration was 6.50 ? 1.42 hours, with average frequency of awakening 2.34 ? 1.69 times per night. Average ESS score was 5.12 ? 4.08 (0?17). Patients with more severe symptoms had higher degree of sleepiness (p = 0.005). Patients with higher symptoms frequency, significantly more often had sleep disturbance (p = 0.016), tiredness and daily sleepiness (p = 0.001). Daily sleepiness (ESS) also significantly correlates with depression (p < 0.05) and anxiety (p = 0.012). Conclusion. Our results confirm that sleep disturbances are one of the key accompanying symptoms of RLS which cause daily sleepiness, tiredness, depression and anxiety. Therefore, their early recognition and appropriate treatment must be a priority in RLS patients.