Evaluating the renoprotective effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease: A prospective study

Abstract

Background/Aim. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern associated with increased cardiovascular risks and premature mortality. Proteinuria is a vital prognostic indicator for CKD outcomes. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors show promise in reducing proteinuria and slowing CKD progression. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy on CKD patients over one year, evaluating serum creatinine (sCr), 24-hour urine protein (24hPiU), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and blood pressure changes. Methods. This prospective study monitored 79 CKD patients on therapy with SGLT2 inhibitors. Patients received an SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin) once daily (10 mg), and assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. The study evaluated sCr, 24hPiU, eGFR, systolic blood pressure (BPs), diastolic blood pressure (BPd), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+). Results. Over the one-year follow-up, significant changes were seen in UA levels (5.36 ? 4.99 ? 4.94 mg/dL; p=0.032), 24hPiU (662.60 ? 574.11 ? 507.72 mg/dL; p=0.026), as well as BPs (128.44 ? 125.64 ? 126.12 mmHg ; p=0.028). No significant variations were observed in BPd, sCr, TC, TG, LDL, K levels. Na+ levels displayed anotable decrease (148.21 ? 147.57 ? 146.41 mmol/L; p=0.021). Conclusion. The study suggests potential benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in managing CKD.