Evaluation of telemedicine systems for impacted third molars diagnosis

Abstract

Background/Aim. In the last twenty years significant advances have been made in the fields of information and telecommunication technology in health care applications, with a positive impact on the health care practice. The need for remote diagnosis and planning of interventions is of special importance in military health care, and health management of immobile persons, and those with special needs. In cases such as these, availability of specialist health care is mainly limited by geographic and financial factors. The aim of this study was to investigate practical usability of telemedicine approaches in everyday management of oral surgery patients in terms of reliability of established diagnosis and indications for oral surgery treatment of the third molars. Methods. Our experimental randomized study enrolled 432 randomly selected patients of both genders, aged 20 to 87 years, undergoing panoramic radiography for some reason in the Centre for Dental Radiography in Belgrade. In addition to radiography, photographs of the face and mouth cavity were taken. These images were uploaded to the web server specially dedicated to the study purposes, and then transmitted to teledentists, i.e. oral surgeons, who made remote diagnoses. Diagnostic agreement was determined by way of the Cohen's kappa coefficient, and diagnostic sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and effectiveness (EFF) were also established. Statistical significance was determined and comparisons performed by using the z-test, and testing of non-parametric characteristics by using the McNemar's ?2 test for p = 0.05 significance cut-off. Results. The results obtained by analyzed images and diagnostic assessment of the clinical diagnosis (kappa = 0.99, SE = 99%, SP = 99%, EFF = 99%, for 95% CI) indicate an almost complete diagnostic agreement. The differences in diagnosis were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Diagnostic assessment of the clinical diagnosis of impacted or semi-impacted third molars assisted by the telemedicine approach was equal to the real-time assessment of clinical diagnosis. Telemedicine, and teledentistry as its branch, represent the present and even more the future of this field of health care.