The significance of vaccine-induced protection from coagulation disorders reported in COVID-19 patients with a review of severity of their clinical presentation

Abstract

Introduction. The production and distribution of preventive SARSCoV- 2 vaccines are among the greatest advances that offers protection against severe forms of the disease, including also fatal outcomes. The purpose of our research is to establish the degree to which vaccination contributes to providing protection against coagulation disorder (one of the leading COVID-19 infection complications). Vaccinated patients with COVID-19 breakthrough infections rarely manifest severe clinical presentation with the occurrence of pneumonia. However, the question is whether they are protected against thromboembolic complications irrespective of the occurrence of pneumonia. Material and Methods. 132 respondents were divided into 4 groups based on their immunization status (vaccinated V+; unvaccinated V-) and severity of their clinical presentation, the main criterion of which was pneumonia (with pneumonia P+; without pneumonia P-): group 1: V+, P+; group 2: V+, P-; group 3: V-, P+; group 4: V-, P-. All of them tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The mean values of D-dimer levels were compared to their reference values (0.5 mcg/ml). Results. The results indicated elevated D-dimer levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia irrespective of their vaccination status. This refers to both the mean and reference values. The results demonstrated that V+ and P+ had elevated D-dimer levels when compared to V+ and P-, which was not the case with the unvaccinated patients, i.e., V- and P+ had no more significantly higher D-dimer levels when compared to V- and P-. Conclusion. Our conclusion is that vaccination has no role in protecting against coagulation disorders irrespective of the occurrence of pneumonia.