Affiliation:
1. Klinički centar Niš, Klinika za očne bolesti, Niš
Abstract
Introduction. Dry eye disease or dysfunctional tear syndrome is among the
most frequently established diagnoses in ophthalmology. It can be defined as
a disorder of the tear film resulting in changes in the ocular surface.
Mechanisms in development of dry eye disease. There are many factors causing
dry eye and they can be related to deficiency in any of the components of the
tear film. It has been suggested that dry eye is an inflammatory disorder
that affects the ocular surface and lacrimal gland. Inflammation is the most
important mechanism of corneal and conjunctival cell damage, which is
responsible for the symptoms and signs of ocular surface pathology. Hormonal
imbalance (particularly androgens), neural dysfunction, increased levels of
pro-inflammatory cytokines and loss of immune homeostasis of the lacrimal
gland and ocular surface could be possible mechanisms in the pathogenesis of
dry eye disease. Discussion. The aim of this paper was to review the advances
in the pathogenesis and management of the dry eye disease. The appropriate
dry eye treatment presupposes knowledge of all existing pharmacologic and
non-pharmacologic therapeutic modalities. The mainstay of therapy is still
artificial tears, with anti-inflammatory therapy and punctual occlusion
therapy as second and third line therapies.
Publisher
National Library of Serbia
Cited by
5 articles.
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