Inter-simple sequence repeats genetic relationships between populations of Consolida (Ranunculaceae)

Abstract

In fields like ecology, biogeography, conservation biology, and macroevolutionary theory, species are considered as the fundamental unit of study. Gray (1821), an expert on British flora, regarded the genus Consolida to be a distinct genus based on a single species (C. regalis). Consolida, on the other hand, is believed by some scholars to be a part of Delphinium. There are no reports on the genetic diversity, modes of divergence, or dispersion patterns of the various Consolida species that grow in Iran despite their widespread distribution. Hence, a combination of atomic (ISSR markers) and morphological examinations of 78 increases from seven species of Consolida were conducted. One goal of this work is to determine the diagnostic usefulness of ISSR markers in the delimitation of Consolida species, another is to determine the genetic structure of these taxa, and a third is to look at the relationships between species within these groups. It was discovered in the current research that combining morphological and ISSR data may help identify species. Analysis using AMOVA and STRUCTURE found that the species of Consolida are genetically distinct, yet have some common genes.