Childbirth in adolescents - features and outcomes

Abstract

Introduction. Adolescent pregnancies significantly impact the welfare of young mothers, their infants, and the general population. These pregnancies represent a public healthcare concern associated with numerous consequences. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of adolescent pregnancies and their outcomes. Material and Methods. This retrospective descriptive study included adolescents who gave birth at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Data on anthropometric measurements, number and mode of deliveries, newborn birth weights, and complications were collected from medical records and statistically analyzed. Results. A total of 174 adolescents (aged 13-19) were included in the study. Most were first-time mothers living in common-law unions. Four spontaneous twin pregnancies were documented. No significant differences were found in the anthropometric measures between younger (<15 years old) and older (16-19 years old) adolescents. Pelvic measurements did not affect the mode of delivery. Younger adolescents and those with smaller pelvic measurements experienced longer hospitalizations. Vaginal delivery was the prominent mode of birth. Newborns delivered by caesarian section had significantly lower birth weights and lengths. While no significant complications during labor and delivery were observed, there was notable postpartum blood loss and higher rates of anemia in the puerperium. Conclusion. Although the number of adolescent pregnancies and births is declining, it still remains a significant concern. Welldeveloped perinatal care and the promotion of reproductive health within educational and health systems could not only further reduce pregnancy rates but also ensure optimal conditions for normal pregnancies and deliveries in adolescents.