Genetic characterization of genotypes of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) populations using protein markers

Abstract

The occurrence of Austrian pine over large areas attacked by erosion processes or on completely degraded and denuded areas on which it produces excellent results, classifies it among the most important economic species in forestry. The aim of present research is to study intra- and inter-population genetic variation in Austrian pine by the application of biochemical markers. A better knowledge of the genetic potential of Austrian pine populations will enhance the production of seed and planting material, and in this way also the success of a forestation and the establishment of Austrian pine specific-purpose plantations. The polymorphism of protein markers was determined based on the selected genotypes originating from six populations (seed stands), which actually included all Austrian pine populations in Serbia. Based on the derived electrophoregram, qualitative and quantitative differences (number and pattern) in protein fractions were identified and the seed protein profile was constructed for each tree, as well as for each of the six study populations. This showed the 'conservativeness' of some polypeptides, i.e. the presence in all analyzed genotypes. On the other hand, some protein fractions were variable at the population level, and some were variable depending on the population. Based on the electrophoregram, the coefficient of genetic similarity/distance was calculated by comparing the band numbers and patterns. Cluster analysis dendrograms were also constructed. The degree of genetic variation among the provenances was higher than the variation within the provenances. There was also a high genetic variation in seed proteins within the analyzed populations.