Organizational and economic mechanism of risk management in urban underground construction

Abstract

The quantitative measure of danger during any activity is risk. It is a component of technological and environmental safety, a vector value that includes: the amount of damage from the impact of a dangerous factor, the probability of occurrence of this factor and the uncertainty of these values. Analysis of world experience has shown that a large number of economic mechanisms can be used to solve the problem of risk reduction in urban underground construction, which differ from each other only in some modifications. To increase the technogenic and environmental safety, first of all, a general goal should be highlighted, such as optimizing the technology for ensure it compatibility with the environment, safety of personnel of underground facilities, maintaining the balance of the natural and technical geosystem «rock mass - technology - underground construction - environment», reducing the mathematical expectation of damage, etc . In addition to the general or main goal safety control, there are special goals of a directing and point (focused on achieving a specific result) nature. Together with the main goal, they are combined into a goal tree that has hierarchical levels. An important stage in risk control in urban underground construction is the development of alternative options for environmental and technological solutions. The task is to select the most appropriate option under the given conditions with regard of the dynamics of the environmental imbalance and potential limitations. While considering various scenarios of construction of the underground facility, each of which investigates the efficiency of organizational-economic mechanism of its implementation.