Methodical principles for improving the ecological and technological reliability of urban underground structures

Abstract

Construction processes and construction conditions are never repeated. Therefore, a method for improving environmental and technological reliability, which is applicable to the development of underground space, is necessary. Improving environmental and technological reliability in the development of the underground space of cities should be based on the reliability of the construction technologies. Systematization and analysis of world experience in the use of various combinations of construction technologies that increase the reliability of construction of underground facilities is an urgent scientific task, the solution of which allows increasing the efficiency of underground space development. Modern experience of underground construction expands the range of possibilities for improving the reliability of underground space development, based on the use of various underground construction technologies. Thus, the design of the head part of the tunneling boards is being improved, and the range of conditions for their use is increasing from inhomogeneous unstable soils to fragmented rock formations. The technology of micro - and mini-tunneling for laying pipelines for various purposes is becoming widespread. In almost any mining and geological conditions and at any depth, the new Austrian method of tunneling is used. Methods of soil strengthening aimed at reducing the risk of precipitation of the earth’s surface in urban conditions are being improved: chemical reinforcement, jet-grouting, etc. The role of monitoring of deformations and sedimentation of the earth’s surface in the area of underground object placement, its scientific support at all stages of the life cycle, and measures to minimize all types of risk is increasing.