Dimethyl Ether to Power Next-Generation Road Transportation

Abstract

Review Dimethyl Ether to Power Next-Generation Road Transportation Simon LeBlanc , Xiao Yu , Linyan Wang , and Ming Zheng , * Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, N9B 3P4 Ontario, Canada * Correspondence: mzheng@uwindsor.ca     Received: 20 March 2023 Accepted: 8 June 2023 Published: 19 June 2023   Abstract: The prevailing transportation uses internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels that bear the reputation of carbon dioxide release among other harmful emissions. As an alternative, dimethyl ether (DME) has shown a high potential to mitigate emission challenges. The properties of DME present a highly reactive and volatile fuel suitable for clean combustion. However, the onboard handling of liquified DME is an ongoing challenge, especially for high-pressure direct injection applications. This paper aims to evaluate the sustainability, fuel handling, and combustion characteristics of DME as a clean and efficient fuel for sustainable on-road transportation. Strategies toward integrating DME fuel for automotive applications are emphasized. An overview of DME production is provided with relevance to current industry practices. Thereafter, the chemical and physical properties of DME are highlighted. The handling challenges of DME are accentuated, and accordingly, recommendations are made for setting up fuel management systems applicable to on-road engines and research laboratories. The DME fueling configurations, e.g., port injection and direct injection, are summarized. Empirical tests studied the engine and emission performance of DME combustion. Ultra-low NOx and smoke emissions, with high combustion efficiency, are achieved.