Main directions of pulse crops selection in the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS.

Abstract

Purpose. To highlight the main trends in the selection of pulse crops (soybeans, faba beans, common beans and field peas) at the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS. Methods. Field, visual, measuring, weighing, quantitative, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. A variety of breeding material of leguminous crops, created at the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS, was analyzed. It was established that the main method for creating the original breeding material is hybridization with the use of the simple crossing, saturating, diallel and other ones. The created early ripening high-yielding technological varieties of leguminous crops with high seed quality indicators entered into the Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine: soybeans – quickly ripening with an average 100-110 days over the years of research duration of the vegetation period, an average yield of up to 3.13 t/ha, high content of protein (39.71%) and fat (23.9%) in seeds; faba beans – with a 87-103 days vegetation period, average yield – up to 3.59 t/ha, protein content – up to 30.37%; beans – with a 84-90 days vegetation period, average yield – up to 2.8 t/ha, protein content – up to 26.38%; field peas – with a 87-93 days vegetation period, average seed yield – up to 3.0 t/ha, protein content in seeds – up to 32.1%. Conclusions. An important role in increasing the adaptive potential of soybeans, faba beans, common beans, and field peas plays the specific direction selection. Research on the breeding leguminous crops at the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS is conducted in the following directions: productivity, early maturity, adaptability to adverse environmental factors, resistance to major diseases, manufacturability and improvement of seed quality indicators. Both traditional methods of hybridization and mutagenesis, as well as modern methods of biotechnology to obtain a variety of starting material for the selection of these cultures, should be the basis of breeding work.