This book analyses the fragmentation of a social movement and the rise of a new form of transnational rule. Its question is derived from a transnational activist meeting. The activists have been organizing against capitalist development practices – embodied by the World Bank Group – for over three decades, but nowadays they feel powerless vis a vis the institution. Although they are convinced that development projects are as devastating as ever, they can only dream of the levels of mobilization they brought to the streets during the 1990s. Perplexed by this decline, they ask themselves: ‘The movement is so fragmented. How has that happened?’ The book examines activists’ struggles to sustain their momentum and shows how the opening-up of world economic institutions contributed to complex rule in global governance, creating access for some while weakening their critique and fragmenting the overall social movement. Bridging International Relations and social movement studies, it observes international organizations and social movements in their interaction, demonstrating how social movements are divided and ruled in the absence of a ruler. Zooming into the Extractive Industries Review and the Civil Society Policy Forum, the book reconstructs how this happens through five mechanisms (economization, incorporation, legitimation, professionalization, and regulation) which both constitute complex rule in global governance and keep the social movement in fragmentation.