The Effect of Cleft Size in Infants with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate on Mixed Dentition Dental Arch Relationship

Abstract

Objective To determine the relationship between infant cleft size and dental arch relationship in the mixed dentition in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Design Retrospective analysis of mixed longitudinal records. Patients A total of 29 consecutively enrolled patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate participated in a longitudinal study that included dental casts prior to lip surgery (T1: age 1 month), prior to palate surgery (T2: age 10 months), and in mixed dentition (T3: age 9 years). Interventions All infants were managed with lip repair (2.5 months), hard palate repair (12 months), and soft palate repair (16 months) but without any presurgical orthopedic treatment and no orthodontic intervention prior to mixed dentition records. Main Outcome Measures The outcome measures included determination of an infant cleft severity ratio, defined as the ratio of palatal cleft area to palatal surface area, at both T1 and T2, and the 9-year-old (T3) dental arch relationship as determined using the GOSLON Yardstick. The correlation between the infant cleft severity ratio at T1 and T2 and the later GOSLON Yardstick score at T3 was determined using Pearson r. The intrarater reliability of the infant cleft severity ratio was assessed with Pearson r and the interrater reliability of the GOSLON Yardstick ratings, by weighted kappa. Results Reliability for the infant cleft severity ratio method was r = .92 to .95, and for GOSLON ratings κ = .81 to .91. There was no significant correlation between 1-month infant cleft severity ratio and GOSLON ( r = .3) and 10-month infant cleft severity ratio and GOSLON ( r = .1). Conclusions Cleft size versus the amount of palatal tissue available for repair and concern over more scarring with a greater infant cleft severity ratio were not factors in affecting the eventual dental arch relationship.