1. Craniofacial Development at the World Health Organization–collaborating Centre for Oral and Craniofacial Research, Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.
2. School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
3. Periconception Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
4. Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
5. Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
6. Orthodontics and Dentofacial Development, Manchester University Dental Hospital, Manchester, England.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio.
8. University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland.
9. University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, and is seconded to the University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, through the EUROCleftNet Exchange Visit Grant.
10. University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.