Влияние посевных агрегатов для прямого посева, нормы высева семян и дозы внесения минеральных удобрений на урожайность яровой пшеницы в засушливой степи Алтайского края

Abstract

<p>The paper presents the results of a three-year field experiment on the influence of different sowing options on the yield of spring wheat. Sowing units for direct seeding with different types of working elements (lance-foot-SZS-2.1 and chisel at Condor 12000 and Sead Hawk 1200L) were considered as variable factors, as well as the seeding rate of spring wheat seeds, the fertilizer application rate during sowing, and their mode of application (with seeds and separately). The obtained results revealed an ambiguous nature of the influence of factors on the yield under different conditions of vegetation. Evaluation of the significance of the factors studied for three years of research showed that the conditions of the period of vegetation had the greatest impact on the yield. In second place - the rate of sowing seeds, and the third - the dose of fertilization. Thus, the variability of weather conditions over the years of research led to a change in yield almost twice. The increase in the sowing rate within the studied limits (102-151 kg/ha) reduced the yield by an average of 3.6 kg/ha, and the increase in the fertilizer application rate from 0 to 134 kg/ha raised the yield by 1.6 kg/ha. Moreover, the joint application of seeds and fertilizers using the "No-Till" technology (sowing by Condor) gave a significant effect under the conditions of high moisture supply of the vegetation period - a yield increase of 7.2 kg/ha on average, and separate application of seeds and fertilizers (sowing by Seed Hawk) - in conditions of low moisture supply of vegetation - an increase in the yield of an average of 4.2 kg/ha. The application of direct sowing of SZS-2.1 gave an effect, in comparison with Condor, only in arid conditions (+ 2.6 kg/ha).</p>