The incidence of people and animals with echinococcosis in the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract

The aim of the research was to study the distribution of echinococcosis in humans and animals in the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research on the diagnosis of echinococcosis in humans was carried out in the Kostanay branch of the “Scientific and Practical Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring” of Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2000-2015. In order to establish the degree of invasion of dogs by echinococcus, fecal samples in the Kostanay region, in the areas where cases of echinococcosis in humans were registered, were taken. The incidence among the population of various age groups in the region was analyzed according to the results of studies of blood samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lung radiography. It has been established that echinococcosis is a widespread disease among people living not only in the Kostanay region, but also in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the whole. Between 2000 and 2019 the number of patients with echinococcosis in the Kostanay region amounted to 249 cases. The smallest number of cases (5) was registered in 2000, and the largest in 2014-26 cases. In the years of 2002-2015. the incidence rate of echinococcosis in humans did not decrease and ranged from 1.6% to 1.5% per 100.0 thousand people. The maximum number of positive reactions by ELISA for echinococcosis was recorded in 2003, 2005, 2006 and from 2013 to 2016, when the incidence rate of people was 0.9%; 0.8%; 0.26%; 1.8%, 3.0%; 1.5%; 0.9% respectively. The peak incidence of human echinococcosis occurred in 2014 and amounted to 3.0%. The analysis of the registration of cases of echinococcosis among people of different age groups showed that out of 8 cases in 2016, 3 cases were in the population under the age of 14 and its infection rate per 100.0 thousand amounted to 1.74%. In 2017, out of 7 registered cases of the incidence of echinococcosis in humans- 2 cases were in the population under the age of 14 and its infection rate per 100.0 thousand was 1.14%. The maximum number of cases of echinococcosis in 2011-2017 was recorded in sheep, the invasion rate of Echinococcus granulosus being 3.1%, 3.5%, 4.2%, 3.1%, 5.6%, 3.0%, 2.8% respectively, while the average invasion in sheep amounted to 1.5%. There were no cases of registration of echinococcosis in horses. Judging by the results of the comparative analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation of echinococcosis in the Kostanay region, it should be noted that echinococcus infection occurs in all areas of the region, with approximately the same level of development of livestock production and a large number of dogs.