Pathogenic specifics of development of vegetative dysfunction in adolescents in relation to their morphological status

Abstract

Exploring the mechanisms of vegetative regulation in children and adolescents of different somatotypes has a prognostic value in regard to the character of adaptive reactions of the organism, as it facilitates the identification of the risk factors of pathological processes and states of vegetative systems, which may cause chronic illness in adulthood. The author defines the pathogenic specifics of development of vegetative dysfunction in adolescents in relation to their morphological status. Cardiointervalography and anthropometric, mathematical and statistical methods of research were used. Based on the results of cardiointervalography, the structure of initial vegetative tonus was established, which was characterized by prevalence of eutonia (38.4 ± 4.9%). The specific weight with background eutonia of adolescent boys and girls tended to be higher among the representatives of the thoracic and muscular somatotypes, compared to adolescents of the alimentive and osseous somatotypes (Р < 0.001–0.05). The established specifics indicate that thoracic and muscular somatotypes ensure optimal adaptation of organisms to the environment. Sympathicotonia was measured among the majority of boys of extreme constitutional variants (alimentive and osseous somatotypes) (36.3% and 30.0% respectively), which demonstrates the activation of adaptive mechanisms in the abovementioned category of examined adolescents, while among girls this phenomenon was evident among the representatives of the osseous and thoracic somatotypes (38.5% and 30.8% respectively). We found that the majority of examined adolescents (53.4%) had a normal vegetative reactivity. Gender differences in the structure of vegetative reactivity of adolescents could well be explained by the higher number of girls of asympaticotonic type (19.2%) compared to boys (7.3%, Р < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that hypersympathicotonic and asympathicotonic types of vegetative reactivity were characteristic of the majority of representatives of the alimentive and osseous somatotypes irrespective of the gender, which indicates activation of functioning of the cardiovascular system, decreased adaptive capacity of the organism among the examined group. The research shows that the group at risk of developing functional deviations in vegetative systems is formed by the representatives of the alimentive and osseous somatotypes.