Екологічні умови територій садів та парків колишніх залізних рудників (Криворізький басейн, Україна)

Abstract

<p>The aim of this study was to analyse the ecological conditions for the location area of gardens and parks of the former iron mines at Kryvorizhzhya. <em>The object of this study</em> were seven existing parks (“Ternivskyi”, “Shakhtarskyi”, «Zatyshnyi», Suvorov sports park, park near the Palace of Culture of mine «Rodina», «Saksahanskyi», «Rudanivskyi»), one abandonment park in fall of ground zone (Park of mine «Hvardiiska»), one garden of hotel «Park House» (private property). The territory of the former iron gardens and parks began to form on the brink the XIX and XX centuries. However, this practice was not widespread and today these greenery’s objects are not preserved. System planting of these mines started in 30^th years of the XX century, and became widespread in the 50-60^th years of the XX century. The period of greatest prosperity for mine gardens and parks was in the 60-70^th years of XX century. Further there was a gradual change in ownership and social status and reduce the cost of maintaining for these objects gardening. The territory of parks «Ternivskyi», «Shakhtarskyi», «Zatyshnyi», near the Palace of Culture of mine «Rodina», «Saksahanskyi», «Rudanivskyi» is located in upland areas of the valley-ravine and valley ‘s divide - ravine types of landscapes. In these areas common: eluvial geochemical landscapes, relatively rich of trophotopes and very dry-dry of hidrotopes. In these areas also common chernozems ordinary (Chernozems by World Reference Base for Soil Resources), which are characterized by: average powerful humus horizon (50-70 cm), medium humus content (4,5-4,7%), neutral reaction of soil solution (pH _H2O - 7,0-7,2), good formed the soil absorbing complex (total exchange basics – 30-35 mg.-eq / 100 g soil). Therefore, the growth and development of trees and shrubs formed over there is very complicated natural ecological habitats.</p><p>The territory of Suvorov Sports Park and garden of hotel «Park House» are located in overflow land areas of the valley-valley terrace types of landscapes. In these areas common: superaquatic geochemical landscapes, rich trophotopes, cheese-fresh hidrotopes. In these areas also common meadow-chernozems soils (Mollic Calcic Fluvisols by World Reference Base for Soil Resources) which are characterized by: powerful and super powerful humus horizon (90-130 cm), high humus content (9.1-9.8%), slightly acidic soil solution (pH _H2O 6.5-6.7) well formed soil absorbing complex (total exchange bases –37 mg.-eq / 100 g soil). Therefore, the growth and development of trees and shrubs occurs in a very favorable natural ecological condition. The territory of three objects of planting (Suvorov sports park, Park near the Palace of Culture of mine «Rodina», and garden of hotel «Park House») are subject to significant level of anthropogenic air pollution; the territory of Park «Saksahanskyi» is subject to middle level of anthropogenic air pollution; whereas the other objects of gardening are subject to an insignificant level of anthropogenic pollution. Ecological conditions of park «Saksahanskyi» were evaluated as the most favorable for the growth and development of trees and shrubs. The results can be used to justify measures gardening optimization of existing facilities in the industrial regions of the steppe zone and designing new ones.</p>