Genofond of some breed of cattle

Abstract

Genetic investigations of cattle breeds in Western Ukraine are environmentally necessary, as well as they are the most relevant in connection with the formation of rock associations – for example Carpathian Brown. Addition to the study of genetic characteristics of different breeds to be used in agricultural production - it is an attempt to identify in the herd and genetically determined feature, which occurs most frequently. The choice of such economically valuable features determined by modern methods of agriculture research, and basically are chosen herds with such gene fond in which this feature is most typical. The genetic structure was evaluated for the genetically determined polymorphism groups of genetic and biochemical systems. Experiments were conducted on red blood cells and plasma. The blood of animals was taken from the jugular vein in a test tube with heparin. Polymorphism of proteins and enzymes was evaluated using the method of electrophoretic separation of proteins in 13% of starch gels in horizontal chambers with further histochemical staining. Each species is characterized by its own structural features of the genetic structure. According to locus of  transferrin breeds can be divided into two groups: with the dominance of allelic variant Tf A (Pintshau, Black and Spotted Holstein, Red and Spotted Holstein) and domination of variant Tf D2 (Symentals, Schwyz, Gray Ukrainian). Animals of Brown Carpathian breed have a large number of heterozygotes Tf AD2 (43%). The group of Schwyz has relatively high heterozygosity (49%). Groups of Black-Spotted and Red- Spotted Holstein are similar. When analyzing the genetic structure for the locus AM-1 can be noted the similarity of samples of animal Pintshau, Schwyz, Carpathian of brown rocks. In animals of Gray Ukrainian breed the frequency of allelic variants display of AM-1 was the highest and amounted to – 0.933. For ceruloplasmin locus significant differences were not found, except Gray Ukrainian breed animals where frequency of display of CP A was quite high and amounted to 0.733 and Simentales where is marked the high level of heterozygosity – 84%. At electrophoretic distillation of washed red blood cells of studied groups of animals were found two phenotypes of purine nucleoside phosphorylase: one is associated with high activity (H), the other with low activity (L).