Comparative Analysıs of Out-Of-Pocket Health Expenditure Across Countries of Different Income Groups

Abstract

The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the proportion of out-of-pocket health expenditures (OOPHE) in total health expenditure for countries across various income groups. The study utilizes data from the World Bank database between 2010 and 2019, compiled and analyzed in Excel. In 2019, there was a 4% increase in the low-income group, an 18% increase in the lower middle-income group, a 63% increase in the upper middle-income group, and a 36% increase in the high-income group when compared to the year 2010. When OOPHE per capita is analysed separately, we can observe that the high-income countries group has the highest expenditure (14%), but it is the group with the lowest share in total health expenditures. Given higher levels of out-of-pocket health expenditures in low- and lower-middle-income countries, significant disparities are apparent among income groups. To ensure more equitable access to healthcare, countries must reduce financial burdens on individuals by understanding the distinctions and implementing appropriate policies.