1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin-Kebbi, Kalgo, Kebbi, Nigeria.
2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.
3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.