Skrining dan Efektivitas Metabolit Sekunder Mikania micrantha pada Gulma Jajagoan serta Dampaknya terhadap Padi Sawah

Abstract

<p>Secondary metabolites from <em>Mikania micrantha</em> could be expected to control barnyardgrass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>) characteristics and have an effect on lowland rice. This research was aimed to screening of secondary metabolites in <em>M. micrantha</em> extract, obtaining the greater extract concentration in suppressing the barnyardgrass growth, and determine the impact on the lowland rice characteristics. This method used was Randomized Completely Block Design in non-factorial within the concentration rates of <em>M. micrantha</em> extract using ethanol 96% (0%; 20%; 40%; 60%; 80%; 100%, and herbicide 2,4-D dimethylamine at the dose of 1 l ha^-1 as a comparison). Lowland rice and barnyardgrass characteristics were analyzed using F-test and followed by DMRT at 5% with SPSS software. The result showed that <em>M. micrantha</em> had secondary metabolites include alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The concentration at 20 to 100% significantly decreased the fresh- and dry-weight of barnyardgrass with the highest suppressing found in 60% concentration by 65.91% and 67.92%, respectively compared to un-sprayed. The concentrations at 20% and 60% were classified as inhibiting the growth biomass of barnyardgrass. The concentrations at 20%, 60%, and 80% can still encourage the tillers growth of lowland rice. An extract concentration of <em>M. micrantha</em> at 20% can be applied to inhibit the growth of barnyardgrass biomass and stimulate the lowland rice tillers.</p>