Load and Displacement Prediction for Shakedown Analysis of Layered Pavements

Abstract

A complete shakedown assessment of pavement behavior under repeated loading requires a shakedown load analysis as well as a displacement evaluation. Both load and displacement bounding calculations at shakedown are presented, and the pavement subjected to repeated loading is analyzed as a plane strain problem. The proposed shakedown load formulation is verified by using numerical results for a homogeneous isotropic half space. To illustrate the relevance of the numerical formulations, the numerically determined residual stresses are compared with available experimental data. The variation of shakedown loads with different material properties for two-layered pavements is investigated in detail. The results of permanent displacement bounds are presented and compared with the displacement finite element calculation. Simple design charts for the layered pavements are presented.