1. Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 205 N. Mathews, MC-250, Urbana, IL 61801.
2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 205 N. Mathews, MC-250, Urbana, IL 61801.
3. Advanced Transportation Research and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 1611 Titan Drive, Rantoul, IL 61866.
4. Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada.