Measuring the Role of Transportation in Facilitating Welfare-to-Work Transition: Evidence from Three California Counties

Author:

Blumenberg Evelyn1,Hess Daniel Hess2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Urban Planning, School of Public Policy and Social Research, University of California–Los Angeles, 3250 Public Policy Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1656

2. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Architecture and Planning, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, 116 Hayes Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214-3087

Abstract

Welfare-to-Work transportation programs are premised on a conceptualization of the spatial mismatch hypothesis that focuses on the physical separation between the central city locations of welfare participants, rapidly expanding job opportunities in the suburbs, and the long commutes needed to connect them. Using data from three diverse California counties, welfare recipients’ spatial access to employment was examined. The results indicate that the traditional notion of the spatial mismatch is less relevant to welfare recipients, many of whom live in counties in which the urban structure does not fit the simple model of poor, central-city neighborhoods and distant, job-rich suburbs. Many welfare recipients live in job-rich areas; others live in neighborhoods that are spatially isolated from employment. Therefore, to be effective, transportation policies must be tailored to the diverse characteristics of the neighborhoods in which welfare recipients live.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Mechanical Engineering,Civil and Structural Engineering

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