Performance Measures: Linking Outputs and Outcomes To Achieve Goals

Abstract

Measuring transportation system performance improves accountability, provides an opportunity for advocacy, and has been recognized in U.S. federal policy as an integral part of transportation planning. Meaningful performance monitoring requires measures that examine the range of activities that produce the transportation product. The link between the transportation product and the agency goals is critical to the success of monitoring efforts. Consistency in definitions and approaches among agencies can help to advance the performance monitoring process and build a body of knowledge through shared experiences. The Delaware Department of Transportation developed a tiered system of performance measures that uses both outcome and output indicators corresponding to goals, strategies, policies, and actions found in its statewide long-range transportation plan. Outcome performance measures monitor the achievement of goals and strategies, whereas output measures indicate progress achieved through specific policies and actions. These outputs, when aggregated, can create the desired outcomes. The measures must be based on realistic and reasonably attainable data that provide the means to monitor plan implementation and determine necessary changes throughout the process or at regular update cycles. The chosen measures meter the agency’s outputs that can be modified each year in the capital improvement program and project prioritization processes. The tiered system and implementation approach for Delaware’s performance monitoring system emphasizes the need for both outcome and output measures. The Delaware effort also highlights needs for consistent approaches, uniform definitions, and continued research to advance the effectiveness of performance monitoring efforts.