Time Frame Analysis of Potassium Nitrate and Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion into the Pulp Chamber

Abstract

SUMMARY Objectives The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an innovative double-layer, single-application desensitizing/whitening technique of potassium nitrate (PN) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) diffusion at different time points. Methods and Materials Specimens were prepared from extracted caries-free human molars (n=90). Teeth were randomly assigned into four groups: Group A (HP CTRL) treated with 25% HP for 45 minutes, group B (PN CTRL) received a single-layer treatment of 5% PN for 45 minutes, group C received the double-layer treatment of 5% PN and 25% HP for 45 minutes, and group D received a 3% PN incorporated in a 40% HP gel for 45 minutes. PN and HP concentrations were measured at 5, 15, 30, and 45 minutes using standard chemical kits. Group comparisons were made using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Pairwise tests for differences in diffusion were done, using the Tukey adjustment of p values for multiple comparisons. A significance level of 5% was used. Results Group A showed no significant difference in HP diffusion rates between the 5- and 15-minute, 15- and 30-minute, or 30- and 45-minute time points; group D showed a similar trend; however, group C differed significantly at the 5-and 15-minute time points (p=0.0004), at the 15-and 30-minute time points (p=0.0026), and the 30- and 45-minute time points (p=0.0014). For PN diffusion, groups B and C had significantly different levels at the 15-, 30-, and 45-minute time points (p=0.0005, p=0.0002, and p<0.0001, respectively); and at the 15-, 30-, and 45-minute time points, groups D and C had significantly different PN diffusion (p=0.0327, p=0.0004, and p< 0.0001, respectively). Group C had significantly different PN diffusion at the 5- and 15-minute time points (p=0.0004), the 15- and 30-minute time points (p=0.0026), and at the 30- and 45-minute time points (p=0.0014). Conclusion The double-layer technique showed superior diffusion of PN into the pulp chamber and did not affect the diffusion of HP when compared to other techniques. The double-layer technique may be suggested as an alternative tooth-whitening treatment to minimize tooth sensitivity.