A Panoptic Review on Improvement in Chemothera-peutic Properties of Cytotoxic Drugs through Calixarene

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most fatal and complicated diseases. Chemotherapeutic drugs occupy a crucial position in cancer treatment, although it is still challenging to cure it from the root cause without harming healthy cells. Adjuvant or neoadjuvant and concurrent chemotherapies are usually used along with surgery and radiotherapy, depending on the spreading of tumour cells to its vicinity. However, it cannot wholly kill cancerous cells, which further develop after a while; the reason behind this is poor drug pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical parameters. Considering the approach of calixarenes, it has significantly drawn attention that can lodge drug molecules by forming inclusion complexes due to their prominent geometrical shape distinguishing them from other heterocyclic compounds. Moreover, it can be more beneficial if used with nano carrier-based systems like liposomes, liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles, milliards, and siRNA to deliver anticytotoxic agents. This review highlights the potential of calixarenes properties and nanocarrier calixarene-complexed based molecules, which provide better therapeutic properties without harming healthy cells due to their unique targeted attribution. Thus, it can overcome the problem arising from conventional therapies.