In-Vitro 3-Dimensional Organoid Models – A Concise Review on Clinical Importance

Abstract

Organoids are three-dimensional structures that are grown in vitro. Adult stem cells, as well as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, can be used to make them. To derive these organoids requirements are Tissue and Matrix. The matrix gives support and it should resemble the extracellular matrix for the cells. Microcontact printing and Bioprinting techniques are used for preparing matrices. Many organoids are generated from cells like brain organoids, liver organoids, mammary gland organoids, and some cancer organoids. These Organoid models are used for studying the human-specific disease mechanisms. Due to the specific organoid models, study of many tissues is possible ranging from small intestine, prostate, brain and liver. This review explores the applications of cell-derived organoids, their advantages, and current breakthroughs in organoid models.