Nanosensors: Unveiling the Invisible-Advancement in Drug Detection

Abstract

Introduction  Nanotechnology represents the designing, synthesis, characterization, and application of materials and devices whose size ranges in nanoscale is 1-100nm1. Which can be defined by the term, technology on the nanoscale. With the change in structure and size nanoscale material possesses distinct enhanced physiochemical properties due to dramatic changes from the bulk material to reduced material of size below 100nm2. Nanotechnology applications were first observed in Lycurgus glass and Medieval church windows which changed color in different lighting conditions due to nanoparticles with size ranges from 50-100nm. However, laureate Richard Feynman, an American physicist is considered the father of nanotechnology3. The nanoscale development has various importance involving possessing a high surface area which makes it suitable for drug delivery and other applications, it possesses numerous microscopic and macroscopic properties, and they form the combination of material science with biology, other than all the mentioned importance of nanotechnology the macroscopic materials made up of the nanoscale material possess high density which makes the nanomaterial batter conductor4. Different methods have been adopted to synthesize nanomaterials such as Top-Down Approach, Bottom-Up Approach, and Hybrid Approach3-5.