Loop-mediated isothermal amplification polymerase chain reaction in place of a modified Knott test in screening dogs for heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection combined with antigen detection test

Abstract

Abstract OBJECTIVE To improve the current recommendations for the diagnosis of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease. ANIMALS Blood samples collected from 35 shelter dogs in the Republic of Korea. METHODS Samples were tested for the presence of microfilaria using the modified Knott (MK) test and D immitis DNA using species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) PCR. The blood samples were additionally assessed for the presence of heartworm antigens using the Antigen Rapid Canine Heartworm AG Test Kit 2.0 (Bionote Co). The performance of the MK test and LAMP PCR was assessed through statistical analysis, with a paired McNemar test utilized for comparison. RESULTS The heartworm antigen was detected in 28.5% of the subjects. Of the 10 positive animals, the MK test detected microfilaria in 4 of 35 (11.4%) animals, and LAMP PCR detected D immitis DNA in 6 of 35 (17.1%). The results of this study indicate that the LAMP PCR showed more positive results in samples compared to the conventional MK test. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The D immitis–specific LAMP PCR assay has the potential to function as an alternative to current detection methods. It could complement the existing antigen detection tests in diagnosing canine heartworm infections.